Marine Ecology Progress Series · 2005 · 196 citations · 43 references
Natural SciencesMarine SciencesZoologyAcousticsFish BiologyMarine EcologyAcoustic EcologyEnvironmental AcousticsUnderwater Sound PropagationAcoustic Monitoring Of FishAcoustic PerceptionBackground NoiseOcean Noise Impacts On Marine FaunaOcean Noise Impacts On Marine MammalsSound Exposure EffectsUnderwater NoiseWind
Fish hearing and reaction to sound, particularly from offshore wind farms, are reviewed, noting that detection distance depends on windmill size, fish hearing ability, background noise, wind speed, water depth, and seabed type. The study aims to determine how windmill noise may reduce fish sound‑communication range and affect fish behavior and fitness, and calls for more detailed measurements of sound fields and fish responses. Detection distances for three fish species range from 0.4 to 25 km, windmill noise does not damage hearing, fish are only consistently scared away within ~4 m at high wind speeds, and the acoustic impact is limited to masking communication and orientation signals rather than causing physiological damage or avoidance, though conclusions are uncertain due to data limitations. Keywords: bioacoustics, detection range, fish communication, hearing in fish, sea‑based wind farm; published March 10 2005 in MEPS Vol.
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 288:295-309 (2005) - doi:10.3354/meps288295 Hearing in fish and their reactions to sounds from offshore wind farms Magnus Wahlberg1,2,3,*, Håkan Westerberg3,4 1Naturens Stemme, Ewaldsgade 4, 2. sal, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark2Department of Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, C. F. Mollers Alle Building 131, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark3Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory, Göteborg University, 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden4National Board of Fisheries, PO Box 423, 401 26 Göteborg, Sweden *Email: magnus.wahlberg@biology.au.dk ABSTRACT: The current knowledge on detection of, and reaction to, sound by fish is reviewed, with special emphasis on underwater noise from offshore wind farms. The detection distance to wind farms for 3 species of fish representing various hearing capabilities varies between 0.4 and 25 km at wind speeds of 8 to 13 m s–1. The detection distance depends on the size and number of windmills, the hearing abilities of the fish, background noise level, wind speed, water depth and type of sea bottom. The noise from windmills may decrease the effective range for sound communication of fish; however, it is not known to what extent this decrease affects the behaviour and fitness of fish. Windmill noise does not have any destructive effects upon the hearing abilities of fish, even within distances of a few metres. It is estimated that fish are consistently scared away from windmills only at ranges shorter than about 4 m, and only at high wind speeds (higher than 13 m s–1). Thus, the acoustic impact of windmills on fish is restricted to masking communication and orientation signals rather than causing physiological damage or consistent avoidance reactions. These conclusions must be viewed with great caution, however, as the existing data are prone to large uncertainties. Further studies on more detailed measurements of the sound-field and of fish behaviour around windmills are needed. KEY WORDS: Bioacoustics · Detection range · Fish communication · Hearing in fish · Sea-based wind farm Full text in pdf format PreviousExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 288. Online publication date: March 10, 2005 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2005 Inter-Research.
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