Norm advocacy: a small state strategy to influence the EU

Abstract

ABSTRACT In June 2001 the European Council adopted the EU Programme for the Prevention of Violent Conflict. The story of how conflict prevention became an integral and legitimate part of EU policy and practice illustrates the influence of powerful ideas and successful norm advocacy of a small state managing to punch above its weight in the EU. The aim of this article is to analyse norm advocacy as a potent addition to traditional strategies of gaining influence in the Union. By tracing the process of Swedish promotion of conflict prevention the article explores norm advocacy strategies, such as framing, agenda-setting, diplomatic tactics and the power of the Presidency. The EU institutional setting also provides ample opportunities for a small state to exert normative power, and in areas where great powers are generally regarded as dominant, such as the CFSP and the ESDP. Keywords: Agenda-settingCFSPcivilian ESDPconflict preventionnorm advocacySweden. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to the Swedish Institute for International Affairs, the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and SIEPS for generous financial support. I am deeply indebted to all the officials I interviewed who shared their invaluable expertise and experiences with me, in particular Ambassador Ragnar Ängeby and desk officer Jessica Olausson. Thanks also to the JEPP referees.