Aerothermodynamics of a 1.6-meter-diameter sphere in hypersonic rarefied flow

Abstract

Results of a numerical study using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method are presented for hypersonic rarefied flow about a 1.6-m-diameter sphere. The flow conditions considered are those experienced by a typical satellite in orbit or by a space vehicle during entry. The altitude range considered is that from 90 to 200 km, which encompasses the near continuum, transitional and free-molecular flow regimes. A freestream velocity of 7.5 km/s is assumed in the simulations. The results show that transitional effects are significant at all altitudes below 200 km, but at 200 km the flow about the sphere attains the free-molecular limit. Very little chemical activity is present above 120 km. Both the stagnation point heat transfer and the sphere drag approach their respective free molecule values at 200 km. Results highlight the thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nature of the flowfield. Nonequilibrium effects on the surface heating and body drag are also investigated.