Three-dimensional turbulent structure in straight open channel flows

Abstract

Secondary currents are generated and modified as a result of the anisotropy of turbulence, which is caused by the boundary conditions of the bed, the side-wall and the free surface, as well as the aspect ratio of the channel and the channel geometry. Secondary currents affect the primary mean flow, producing threedimensional structures. Such a generation mechanism for secondary currents in closed and open channel flows can be explained well by using the longitudinal vorticity equation. The secondary motions in open channel flows are quite different from those in closed channel flows.