An Anatomical Study of External Carotid Artery Vascular Territories in Face and Midface Flaps for Transplantation

Abstract

Dual soft-tissue perfusion was confirmed in most specimens at the nasal, central face, and maxilla. The inclusion of the maxilla in the design of a facial composite allotransplant demands bilateral vascular pedicles based on the internal maxillary arteries. The authors highlight a procurement strategy for design of such flaps.