Water Resources Research · 1987 · 11 citations · 13 references
Natural ResourcesEnvironmental ManagementWater Resources ManagementEnvironmental Impact AssessmentWastewater TreatmentWater Quality ManagementPhosphorus ManagementWater EconomicsWater ManagementWater QualityWater Quality ImprovementWater Resources Impact AssessmentGoal Hierarchy AnalysisGoal Hierarchy DesignLake Water Quality ManagementSewage Sludge TreatmentSewage Treatment SystemsStatus Quo AssessmentTotal PhosphorusWater Quality Benefit-cost Analysis
We have constructed a decision goal hierarchy evaluating the impact and cost to society of phosphorus abatement measures to improve lake water quality. We examine three primary measures: sewage treatment, ban of detergents containing phosphorus, and changes in agricultural practice, and combinations of these measures. The water system studied is lakes in Norway represented by eight typical water bodies. The results showed that the highest utility was obtained by “status quo” (0.90 ± 0.02) and implementing measures in agriculture (0.90 ± 0.02). The combined measures including sewage treatment and ban on phosphorus containing detergents scored lowest (0.73 ± 0.08).
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Decisions with Multiple Objectives
Ralph L. Keeney, Howard Raiffa · Cambridge University Press eBooks · 1993 · 1.8K citations