Tumor Detection by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

TLDR

Spin‑echo NMR can discriminate malignant tumors from normal tissue. The study measured T1 and T2 relaxation times in six normal rat tissues and two tumors, and explored using these magnetic relaxation methods for rapid discrimination of benign versus malignant surgical specimens. Malignant tumors exhibited relaxation times outside the normal tissue range, indicating increased water motional freedom, while benign fibroadenomas had spin‑lattice times matching muscle and distinct from malignant tissues.

Abstract

Spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance measurements may be used as a method for discriminating between malignant tumors and normal tissue. Measurements of spin-lattice (T(1)) and spin-spin (T(2)) magnetic relaxation times were made in six normal tissues in the rat (muscle, kidney, stomach, intestine, brain, and liver) and in two malignant solid tumors, Walker sarcoma and Novikoff hepatoma. Relaxation times for the two malignant tumors were distinctly outside the range of values for the normal tissues studied, an indication that the malignant tissues were characterized by an increase in the motional freedom of tissue water molecules. The possibility of using magnetic relaxation methods for rapid discrimination between benign and malignant surgical specimens has also been considered. Spin-lattice relaxation times for two benign fibroadenomas were distinct from those for both malignant tissues and were the same as those of muscle.