Modeling of soil behavior with a recurrent neural network

Abstract

A recurrent neural network (RNN) model is developed for simulating and predicting shear behavior of both a fine-grained residual soil and a dune sand. The RNN model with one hidden layer of 20 nodes appears very effective in modeling complex soil behavior, due to its feedback connections from a hidden layer to an input layer. A dynamic gradient descent learning algorithm is used to train the network. By training part of the experimental data, which include strain-controlled undrained tests and stress-controlled drained tests performed on a residual Hawaiian volcanic soil, the network is able to capture significant variability of shear behavior existing in the residual soil. The unusual characteristics that the denser soil samples dilate under a higher stress level and the looser soil samples contract under a lower stress level are well represented by the RNN model. The RNN model also shows encouraging results in simulation and prediction of behavior of a dune sand which experienced loading-unloading-reloading conditions. Excellent agreements between the measured data and the modeling results are observed in both stress-strain behavior and volumetric-change characteristics. As compared with a traditional model, the RNN model shows more effectiveness and less effort.Key words: neural network, modeling, soil behavior, shear tests, simulation, prediction.