Effectiveness of Manual Physical Therapy, Therapeutic Exercise, and Patient Education on Bilateral Disc Displacement Without Reduction of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Single-Case Design

Abstract

The results of our study suggest that manual physical therapy, therapeutic exercise, and patient education may have been an effective management strategy for a patient with bilateral disc displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joints. Further outcome studies in the form of randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the clinical utility of this treatment approach in a larger population.