Science · 1974 · 387 citations · 17 references
EngineeringBioengineeringOrthopaedic SurgeryBone AugmentationElectromagneticsElectromagnetismBone HealingBone Tissue EngineeringElectromagnetic InductionElectromagnetic WavesFracture RepairOsteochondral RepairBone Defect RepairBone RepairElectric StimulationElectrical StimulationElectromagnetic TreatmentHigh-frequency Electromagnetic FieldsLow-frequency Stimulation
Pulsing electromagnetic fields of low frequency and strength have been inductively coupled across skin, directly to bone, to enhance the repair of canine osteotomies. The induced voltage field in bone appears to increase the organization and strength of the repair process at 28 days after "fracture."
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Effects of Electric Currents on Bone In Vivo
C. Andrew L. Bassett, Robert J. Pawluk, Robert Becker · Nature · 1964 · 544 citations