Surface consistent corrections

TLDR

Seismic reflection amplitudes are critical for exploration, but must be free from near‑surface disturbances, so surface‑consistent corrections are applied to source, receiver, offset, and subsurface components in both amplitude and phase. The study presents displays of surface‑consistent components for time and amplitude corrections as an additional diagnostic tool for geophysicists.

Abstract

Amplitudes of seismic reflections have been of interest since the first days of exploration seismology. Any change of amplitude or anomalous behavior may be significant, so it is important that the zones of interest be free from outside disturbances, such as those caused by the near‐surface layers. Surface consistent factors may be divided into source, receiver, offset, and subsurface components, and these may be divided further into amplitude and phase (or time shift) factors. Correction of trace amplitudes using multiplication by a scale factor is similar to correction of phase distortions by a static shift, and both corrections enhance seismic data. Displays of surface consistent components for time and amplitude corrections provide an additional diagnostic for the geophysicist.