Thickness dependence of magnetic relaxation and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>J</mml:mi></mml:math>characteristics in superconducting (Gd-Y)-Ba-Cu-O films with strong vortex pinning

Abstract

The dependence of the critical current density ${J}_{c}$ on temperature, magnetic field, and film thickness has been investigated in (Gd-Y)-Ba-Cu-O materials of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 \ensuremath{\mu}m thickness. Generally the ${J}_{c}$ decreases with film thickness at investigated temperatures and magnetic fields. The nature and strength of the pinning centers for vortices have been identified through angular and temperature measurements, respectively. These films do not exhibit $c$-axis correlated vortex pinning, but do have correlated defects oriented near the $\mathit{ab}$ planes. For all film thicknesses studied, strong pinning dominates at most temperatures. The vortex dynamics were investigated through magnetic relaxation studies in the temperature range of 5--77 K in 1 and 3 T applied magnetic fields, $H$ \ensuremath{\parallel} surface normal. The creep rate $S$ is thickness dependent at high temperatures, implying that the pinning energy is also thickness dependent. Maley analyses of the relaxation data show an inverse power law variation for the effective pinning energy ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ \ensuremath{\sim} (${J}_{0}$/$J$)${}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}$. Finally, the electric field-current density (E-J) characteristics were determined over a wide range of dissipation by combining experimental results from transport, swept field magnetometry (VSM), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. We develop a self-consistent model of the combined experimental results, leading to an estimation of the critical current density $J$${}_{c}$${}_{0}$($T$) in the absence of flux creep.