Use of magnetic hydrazide-modified polymer microspheres for enrichment of Francisella tularensis glycoproteins

Abstract

The field of microbial proteomics has currently experienced a boom in the discovery of glycosylated proteins of various pathogenic bacteria as potential mediators of host-pathogen interactions. The presence of glycoproteins has recently been discovered in a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium <i>Francisella tularensis</i>, utilizing glycoprotein detection and isolation techniques in combination with mass spectrometry. The isolation of glycoproteins is a prerequisite for their subsequent mass-spectrometric identification. Current glycoprotein isolation/enrichment methods comprise lectin affinity chromatography, aminophenylboronic acid and hydrazide-based enrichment. The use of magnetic microspheres containing functional groups is nowadays among state-of-art separation methodologies owing to an ease of manipulation, a speed of separation, and a minimum of non-specific protein adsorption. In the present study, novel magnetic hydrazide-modified poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) microspheres were developed using a multi-step swelling and polymerization method with subsequent precipitation of magnetic iron oxides within the pores of the particles. The microspheres had a regular shape, size of 4 μm and contained 0.18 mmol hydrazide groups per g; the magnetic microspheres were employed for specific enrichment of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> glycoproteins. Effectiveness of the newly prepared magnetic microspheres for glycoprotein enrichment was proved by comparison with commercial hydrazide-functionalized microparticles.