Analytical Expressions for Electromagnetic Fields Associated with the Inclined Lightning Channels in the Time Domain

Abstract

Abstract This article describes general analytical equations that are developed for the calculation of electromagnetic fields due to an inclined channel directly in the time domain. The input parameters of the model, angle of inclination of the lightning channel and the angle at the observation point can be varied through all possible values to produce the relevant electromagnetic fields. The proposed model is validated with eight electromagnetic waveforms measured at close range of the lightning channel. The results of the model show good agreement with the measured data. Furthermore, the proposed equations are compatible with different channel base current functions. The equations could easily be applied in the coupling models that calculate induced voltages in conductors in the presence of lightning-generated electromagnetic fields.