Pre‐treatment of kraft pulp bleach plant effluent by selected ultrafiltration membranes

Abstract

Abstract Three ultrafiltration membranes in series with molar mass cutoffs of 130,000, 15,000, and 5,000 Da, respectively were used to pretreat Kraft pulp bleach plant effluent prior to biological treatment. The TOC (total organic carbon), COD (chemical oxygen demand) and AOX (adsorbable organic halogen) reductions for the permeate were 65, 70 and 85%, respectively with no significant change of toxicity. Treatment of the ultrafiltration permeate using tighter ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes with molar mass cutoffs less than 1,500 Da, yielded TOC and AOX reductions of 90 and 99%, respectively with a permeate Microtox EC 50 level of 100%.