Bubble and spherical air shell formation dynamics

Abstract

We studied the formation dynamics of air bubbles emitted from a nozzle submerged in aqueous glycerol solutions of different viscosities. We describe the evolution of the bubbling regimes by using the air flow rate as a control parameter and the time between successive bubbles as a dynamical variable. Some results concerning bubbling coalescence were emulated with a combination of simple maps. We also observed the formation of air shells surrounding liquid drops inside the liquid, known as antibubbles. The antibubbling conditions were related to an intermittent regime.