Dynamics of Laser-Induced Breakdown in Gases

Abstract

The breakdown of gases under the influence of a laser beam is analyzed. Classical diffusion theory is taken as a model, with electrons accelerated by inverse bremsstrahlung until they have sufficient energy to ionize neutral gas atoms. Both diffusion and recombination are included as losses. For the rare gases in the range below atmospheric pressure it is found that the relation between the laser pulse duration and the plasma growth time is the primary factor which determines the breakdown threshold. The losses play roles of varying importance depending on gas, pressure, and geometry. The initial electrons are generally assumed to have come from multiphoton ionization of impurities, although multiphoton ionization of the gas itself becomes a factor at sufficiently low pressures (high photon fluxes). A number of experimental results is presented. These are used to justify some of the theoretical assumptions and to corroborate the results of the theory. The agreement is good.