Operation of Arteriovenous Malformations Assisted by Stereoscopic Navigation-controlled Display of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Intraoperative Ultrasound Angiography

Abstract

Stereoscopic visualization enhances the surgeon's perception of the vascular architecture, and integrated with navigation technology, this offers a reliable system for identification and clipping of AVM feeders in the initial phase of the operation.