Pathophysiology of the gastric dilation‐torsion complex in the dog*

Abstract

ABSTRACT The gastric dilation‐torsion complex in the dog involves a series of related pathophysiological changes which may culminate in death if therapy is not promptly initiated. This complex probably starts with gastric dilation which may or may not lead to gastric torsion. Gastric dilation interferes with blood flow through the caudal vena cava as well as the portal vein. Venous return to the heart is decreased, cardiac output decreases, and arterial hypotension ensues. With the onset of this hypotension, the animal is subjected to impairment of tissue perfusion, cellular catabolism, and decreased renal function. In addition, endotoxic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation may occur. These two processes will likely lead to death of the animal.