Vascular Encasement by Pancreatic Cancer: Correlation of CT Findings with Surgical and Pathologic Results

Abstract

The grading system of vascular invasion should differ between arteries and veins. Involvement of the venous system exceeding one-half circumference of the vessels (grade 3 or 4) was suggestive of vascular invasion; however, this criterion was not always satisfactory for the evaluation of tumor invasion in the arterial system.