Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofibers as an Efficient Electrode Material for Supercapacitors

TLDR

Supercapacitors are a promising energy‑storage technology, and the performance of their electrodes is critical to achieving high efficiency. The study aims to develop a high‑capacity supercapacitor electrode from nitrogen‑doped porous carbon nanofibers derived by carbonizing polypyrrole‑coated carbon nanofibers. The material was produced by carbonizing polypyrrole‑coated carbon nanofibers at a controlled temperature to yield nitrogen‑doped porous carbon nanofibers. The resulting nanofibers delivered a reversible specific capacitance of 202 F g⁻¹ at 1.0 A g⁻¹, retained high capacitance over cycles, and achieved a peak power density of 89.57 kW kg⁻¹, indicating their potential as efficient supercapacitor electrodes.

Abstract

Supercapacitors (also known as ultracapacitors) are considered to be the most promising approach to meet the pressing requirements of energy storage. Supercapacitive electrode materials, which are closely related to the high-efficiency storage of energy, have provoked more interest. Herein, we present a high-capacity supercapacitor material based on the nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers synthesized by carbonization of macroscopic-scale carbonaceous nanofibers (CNFs) coated with polypyrrole (CNFs@polypyrrole) at an appropriate temperature. The composite nanofibers exhibit a reversible specific capacitance of 202.0 F g(-1) at the current density of 1.0 A g(-1) in 6.0 mol L(-1) aqueous KOH electrolyte, meanwhile maintaining a high-class capacitance retention capability and a maximum power density of 89.57 kW kg(-1). This kind of nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber represents an alternative promising candidate for an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors.