Evaluation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α overexpression as a predictor of tumour recurrence and progression in superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma

Abstract

HIF-1alpha overexpression combined with aberrant mutant p53 nuclear protein accumulation seem to indicate an aggressive phenotype, suggesting a potential biological model predictive of future risk of disease progression in patients with superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma. These indicators may be helpful in clinical practice to discriminate superficial bladder cancer worth a more intensive follow-up, or more aggressive treatment.