Solid State Metathesis Reactions in Various Applications

Abstract

Abstract Solid state metathesis reactions have been studied in fused silica tubes, by differential thermal analysis, and by X‐ray powder diffraction. A selection of reactions between metal (La, Nb, and Ni) chlorides and lithium nitride or lithium acetylide were investigated to get more insight into reaction pathways and intermediate reaction stages that may be adopted on course of the formation of metal nitrides or carbides. Intermediate compounds are considered to be important because they can control the reactivity of a system. Such compounds were traced by changing the molar ratios of reaction partners away from the salt‐balanced binary metal nitride or carbide target compositions. New preparative perspectives are discovered when metal chlorides were reacted with lithium nitridoborate or lithium cyanamide. Due to their reductive nature towards several d‐block metal chlorides, (BN 2 ) 3‐ and (CN 2 ) 2‐ react to form metals or metal nitrides plus X‐ray amorphous BN, and probably C 3 N 4 . With lanthanum chloride they can react to form nitridoborates and nitridocarbonates. The metathesis reaction between lithium cyanamide and cyanuric chloride (C 3 N 3 Cl 3 ) instead of metal chloride was studied for the synthesis of C 3 N 4 .