<title>Ceramic phase-shifters for electronically steerable antenna systems</title>

Abstract

There is considerable interest in the development of microwave ceramic phase shifters because of limitations of currently available ferrite and PIN diode phase shifters regarding cost and reliability and complexity. Ceramic phase shifters may provide a cost breakthrough for the phase array antenna designer while maintaining low insertion loss and low drive power and high power handling capacity. This paper describes a ceramic phase shifter which utilizes a ferroelectric material for obtaining phase shifts from changes in dc biasing fields. Also, the dielectric properties were measured as a function of dc biasing fields, frequency, and temperature for a few compositions of barium-strontium titanate material.