Day-of-injury CT as an index to pre-injury brain morphology: Degree of post-injury degenerative changes identified by CT and MR neuroimaging

Abstract

A detailed case study is presented in which pre-injury CT scan findings are compared and contrasted with post-injury CT and MR results in a case of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The day-of-injury scan represented an adequate estimate of pre-injury morphological status based on cross-sectional area measurements of the ventricular system. By comparing pre-injury CT measurements with those obtained on the day of injury, 2 days post-injury and 16 months post-injury via assessing cross-sectional area of select ventricular regions (e.g. anterior and temporal horns, body and third ventricle) it was demonstrated that the TBI induced over a 50% ventricular expansion. Such ventricular expansions are felt to provide some index into diffuse axonal injury which may provide a means of eventually quantifying the degree of structural damage secondary to TBI. This analysis also demonstrated that there were no significant differences between selected cross-sectional ventricular areas in the 15 day and 16 month post-injury MR scans. This finding suggests that the degenerative effects of TBI have a rapid onset and are becoming readily apparent by 15 days post-injury. Thus, early imaging may provide a good index of long-term morphological outcome in TBI.