Reference Data for the Thermal Conductivity of Saturated Liquid Toluene Over a Wide Range of Temperatures

TLDR

Accurate thermal‑conductivity data across a wide temperature range are essential for designing industrial processes and for validating both absolute and relative measurement instruments. The study measured liquid toluene conductivity from 300 to 550 K with two transient hot‑wire instruments (12.7 µm Pt and 25 µm anodized Ta) and analyzed uncertainties from radiation and sample purity. The measured conductivity at 298.15 K is 0.13088 ± 0.00085 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, and the data quality permits new recommendations with 95 % confidence uncertainties of 1 % (189–440 K), 1.5 % (440–480 K), and 2 % (480–553 K) near saturation.

Abstract

Efficient design of industrial processes and equipment requires accurate thermal conductivity data for a variety of fluids, such as alternative refrigerants, fuels, petrochemicals, aqueous systems, molten salts, and molten metals. The accuracy of experimental thermal conductivity data is a function of the operating conditions of the instrument. Reference data are required over a wide range of conditions to verify the claimed uncertainties of absolute instruments and to calibrate relative instruments, since either type may be used to measure the thermal conductivity of fluids. Recently, accurate experimental data for the thermal conductivity of liquid toluene near the saturation line have been obtained, which allow the upper temperature limit of the previous reference-data correlation to be extended from 360 to 553 K. The thermal conductivity was measured using two transient hot-wire instruments from 300 to 550 K, the first with a bare 12.7 μm platinum wire and the second using an anodized 25 μm tantalum wire. Uncertainties due to the contribution of thermal radiation and the purity of the samples are discussed. The proposed value of the thermal conductivity of liquid toluene at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa is 0.13 088±0.000 85. The quality of the data is such that new improved recommendations and recommended values can be proposed with uncertainties at 95% confidence of 1% for 189 <T< 440 K, 1.5% for 440 <T< 480 K, and 2% for 480 <T< 553 K, near the saturation line.