Hydrogen‐bond‐assisted stereocontrol in the radical polymerization of <i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide with secondary alkyl phosphate: The effect of the bulkiness of the ester group

Abstract

Abstract The radical polymerization of N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) in toluene at low temperatures was investigated in the presence of triisopropyl phosphate (T i PP). The addition of T i PP induced a syndiotactic specificity that was enhanced by the polymerization temperature being lowered, whereas atactic polymers were obtained in the absence of T i PP, regardless of the temperature. Syndiotactic‐rich poly(NIPAAm) with a racemo dyad content of 65% was obtained at −60 °C with a fourfold amount of T i PP, but almost atactic poly(NIPAAm)s were obtained by the temperature being lowered to −80 °C. This result contrasted with the result in the presence of primary alkyl phosphates, such as tri‐ n ‐propyl phosphate: the stereospecificity varied from syndiotactic to isotactic as the polymerization temperature was lowered. NMR analysis at −80 °C revealed that T i PP predominantly formed a 1:1 complex with NIPAAm, although primary alkyl phosphates preferentially formed a 1:2 complex with NIPAAm. Thus, it was concluded that a slight increase in the bulkiness of the added phosphates influenced the stoichiometry of the NIPAAm–phosphate complex at lower temperatures, and consequently a drastic change in the effect on the stereospecificity of NIPAAm polymerization was observed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3899–3908, 2005