A Formal Model of Church and Sect

TLDR

Sociology of religion is rich in generalizations yet lacks theory, and economic models have been sought to improve theory but have fallen short due to a narrow focus on time and money. This paper focuses on normative conduct as a distinct aspect of religious activity. The study shows that churches and sects are analytically distinct, with sects characterized by strict standards, clear conversions, resistance to social change, high participation, and appeal to lower‑class and minority groups.

Abstract

The sociology of religion is an area rich in generalizations but poor in theory. Against this background, economic models offer the hope of better theory and more precise predictions. Previous work has failed to deliver on this promise because of its narrow focus on time and money. This paper gives center stage to normative conduct, an entirely different aspect of religious activity. Churches and sects emerge as analytically distinct modes of religious organization rather than ad-hoc categories. The theoretical consequences of a sectarian orientation include strict behavioral standards, definite conversions, resistance to social change, high levels of religious participation, and lower-class and minority appeal.