The South Pole Near Infrared Sky Brightness

Abstract

We report our finding that the South Pole is the darkest known Earth-based site for near infrared astronomical observations. For this reason it has great potentail for the most sensitive surveys of distant or faint objects. We find that the south polar sky background is substantially darker in the standard near infrared J, H, and K filters, and in an optimized KDARK filter centered at 2.36 microns. In particular, the KDARK background at the South Pole is only 162 ± 67 mu-Jy arcsec-2 at the zenith. This is consistent with the results described in an accompanying paper by Ashley et al. 1996, and is comparable to the sky brightness measured by high altitude balloon in the 2.4 micron (Matsumoto et al. 1994).