Thru-Match-Reflect: One Result of a Rigorous Theory for De-Embedding and Network Analyzer Calibration

Abstract

A theory for network analyzer calibration and de-embeding is presented in which the calibration constants are evaluated via linear equations. The error-removal is accomplished by convenient matrix multiplication. It is shown that calibration procedures known until now are included as special cases. As results of the theory new more general concepts are presented, e.g. TMR and TAN, which have no inherent limit in bandwidth and no lower frequency limit.