A Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA)

The tropical Atlantic Ocean is characterized by a large seasonal cycle around which there are climatically significant interannual and decadal timescale variations. The most pronounced of these interannual variations are equatorial warm events, somewhat similar to the El Niño events for the Pacific, and the so-called Atlantic sea surface temperature dipole. Both of these phenomena in turn may be related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation variability in the tropical Pacific and other modes of regional climatic variability in ways that are not yet fully understood. PIRATA (Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic) will address the lack of oceanic and atmospheric data in the tropical Atlantic, which limits our ability to make progress on these important climate issues. The PIRATA array consists of 12 moored Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System buoy sites to be occupied during the years 1997–2000 for monitoring the surface variables and upper-ocean thermal structure at key locations in the tropical Atlantic. Meteorological and oceanographical measurements are transmitted via satellite in real time and are available to all interested users in the research or operational communities. The total number of moorings is a compromise between the need to put out a large enough array for a long enough period of time to gain fundamentally new insights into coupled ocean–atmosphere interactions in the region, while at the same time recognizing the practical constraints of resource limitations in terms of funding, ship time, and personnel. Seen as a pilot Global Ocean Observing System/Global Climate Observing System experiment, PIRATA contributes to monitoring the tropical Atlantic in real time and anticipates a comprehensive observing system that could be operational in the region for the 2000s.