Multiple Identities and Psychological Well-Being: A Reformulation and Test of the Social Isolation Hypothesis

TLDR

Social identities, enacted through role relationships, provide meaning and guidance that can prevent anxiety, depression, and disordered conduct, and this paper reconceptualizes social isolation as the possession of many social identities. The study tests the accumulation hypothesis that possessing more social identities reduces psychological distress, using panel data from the New Haven community survey. The authors employed panel data from the New Haven community survey to test the accumulation hypothesis and examined how identity accumulation interacts with identity change under varying assumptions about the structure of multiple identities. Results show that integrated individuals gain more from identity acquisition and suffer more from identity loss than isolated individuals, highlighting implications for social isolation theory and prior views on multiple roles.

Abstract

Drawing upon symbolic interactionist theory, this paper reconceptualizes social isolation as the possession offew social identities. Social identities (enacted in role relationships) give meaning and guidance to behavior, and thus should prevent anxiety, depression, and disordered conduct. The accumulation hypothesis-the more identities possessed by an actor, the less psychological distress helshe should exhibit-is tested and supported using panel data from the New Haven community survey (Myers et al., 1971). The interaction between identity accumulation and identity change is also examined, under differing assumptions regarding the structure of multiple identities. Results indicate that integrated individuals benefit more from identity gain and also suffer more from identity loss than isolated individuals. The implications of these results for social isolation theory and for previous conceptions of the effects of multiple roles are discussed.