New classification system for mass transport complexes in offshore Trinidad

TLDR

This area, situated along the obliquely converging boundary of the Caribbean/South American plates and proximal to the Orinoco Delta, is characterized by catastrophic shelf‑margin processes, intrusive/extrusive mobile shales and active tectonism. The study uses 10 708 km² of 3D seismic data from Trinidad and Tobago’s continental margin to describe Plio‑Pleistocene mass transport complexes and classifies their relationship to slope mass failures and source regions to better understand initiation, development history, and petrography. 3D seismic data from the 10 708 km² survey were employed to calculate deposit volumes, improve imaging, and enhance physical and computer simulations of mass failure processes. Mapping of the 3D seismic survey identified multiple MTCs ranging from 11.3 to 2017 km², classified into shelf‑attached, slope‑attached, and locally detached systems based on their source mechanisms and depositional controls.

Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper delineates our use of 10 708 km 2 of three‐dimensional (3D) seismic data from the continental margin of Trinidad and Tobago West Indies to describe a series of mass transport complexes (MTCs) that were deposited during the Plio‐Pleistocene. This area, situated along the obliquely converging boundary of the Caribbean/South American plates and proximal to the Orinoco Delta, is characterized by catastrophic shelf‐margin processes, intrusive/extrusive mobile shales and active tectonism. Extensive mapping of different stratigraphic intervals of the 3D seismic survey reveals several MTCs that range in area from 11.3 to 2017 km 2 . Three types of MTCs are identified: (1) shelf‐attached systems that were fed by shelf‐edge deltas whose sediment input is controlled by sea‐level fluctuations and sedimentation rates; (2) slope‐attached systems, which occur when upper‐slope sediments catastrophically fail owing to gas‐hydrate disruptions and/or earthquakes and (3) locally detached systems, formed when local instabilities in the seafloor trigger relatively small collapses. Such classification of the relationship between slope mass failures and sourcing regions enables a better understanding of the nature of initiation, length of development history and petrography of such MTCs. 3D seismic enables more accurate calculation of deposit volumes, improves deposit imaging, and, thus, increases the accuracy of physical and computer simulations of mass failure processes.