Evidence of Hormonal Basis for Improved Survival Among Females With Trauma-Associated Shock: An Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank

Abstract

Females aged between 13 and 64 years exhibit significantly lower mortality than males after trauma-associated shock. This outcome difference is lost at the extremes of age (preadolescent children and individuals aged ≥ 65 years) where the effects of sex hormones are absent or diminished. These findings suggest that hormonal differences play a role in the gender-based outcome disparities after traumatic shock.