Endourologic Management of Patients with Upper-Tract Transitional-Cell Carcinoma: Long-Term Follow-up in a Single Center

Abstract

Conservative treatment is preferred in patients with bilateral disease, a solitary kidney, or co-morbidities that contraindicate major surgery. Patients with low-grade, low-stage disease and normal contralateral kidneys also benefit from this approach provided adequate endoscopic follow-up can be achieved and the surgeon has a low threshold for carrying out ablative surgery.