Magnesium: The fifth electrolyte

Abstract

Among cations of biologic importance, Magnesium (Mg) is the forgotten member, often labeled as fifth electrolyte and sometimes even as the body's 'orphan ion', because of an apparent lack of a specific endocrine control. Magnesium is an important co-factor in many enzymatic reactions involving energy metabolism, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Ionized Mg is the physiologically active form of the element. It has been mentioned in various epidemiological and correlation studies that low Magnesium status is widely prevalent. Data from many studies indicate that in about 60% of adults the Magnesium intakes from food do not meet the estimated average requirement. Recommended dietary allowance especially for Indians are still undefined.