Male Infertility and Its Causes in Human

TLDR

Infertility is a major social issue, with roughly half of cases linked to male factors, yet effective treatments for nonobstructive azoospermia remain unavailable and the genetic causes are largely unknown. The study aims to review environmental contributors and clearly identified genes implicated in human male infertility, including recent discoveries. Recent findings highlight specific genes associated with male infertility, underscoring the role of genetic factors.

Abstract

Infertility is one of the most serious social problems facing advanced nations. In general, approximate half of all cases of infertility are caused by factors related to the male partner. To date, various treatments have been developed for male infertility and are steadily producing results. However, there is no effective treatment for patients with nonobstructive azoospermia, in which there is an absence of mature sperm in the testes. Although evidence suggests that many patients with male infertility have a genetic predisposition to the condition, the cause has not been elucidated in the vast majority of cases. This paper discusses the environmental factors considered likely to be involved in male infertility and the genes that have been clearly shown to be involved in male infertility in humans, including our recent findings.