Practice parameters for intravenous analgesia and sedation for adult patients in the intensive care unit

Barry A. Shapiro, Jonathan Warren, Andrew Egol, Dennis M. Greenbaum, Judith Jacobi, Stanley A. Nasraway, Roland M.H. Schein, Antoinette Spevetz, James R. Stone

Critical Care Medicine · 1995 · 386 citations · 9 references

Abstract

A consensus of experts provided six recommendations with supporting data for intravenous analgesia and sedation in the ICU setting: a) morphine sulfate is the preferred analgesic agent for critically ill patients; b) fentanyl is the preferred analgesic agent for critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability, for patients manifesting symptoms of histamine release with morphine, or morphine allergy; c) hydromorphone can serve as an acceptable alternative to morphine; d) midazolam or propofol are the preferred agents only for the short-term (< 24 hrs) treatment of anxiety in the critically ill adult; e) lorazepam is the preferred agent for the prolonged treatment of anxiety in the critically ill adult; f) haloperidol is the preferred agent for the treatment of delirium in the critically ill adult. This executive summary selectively presents supporting information and is not intended as a substitute for the complete document.

References

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