Malignant biliary duct obstruction: long-term experience with Gianturco stents and combined-modality radiation therapy.

Abstract

Radiation therapy including intraluminal Ir-192 appears to extend stent patency and survival in patients with inoperable cholangiocarcinoma treated with Gianturco metal stents compared with patients with other extrahepatic bile duct malignant diseases and patients treated without combined-modality therapy in other studies.