Toxicity of six commercially formulated insecticides and biopesticides to third instar larvae of mushroom sciarid, <i>Lycoriella ingenua</i> Dufour (Diptera: Sciaridae), in New South Wales, Australia

Abstract

Abstract Lycoriella ingenua is one of the major pests of cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach . Insecticide resistance among mushroom sciarid populations has been reported from other countries, and there is a need to determine the toxicity of currently approved and potential pesticides to sustain control of mushroom sciarid populations in Australia. The present study investigated the toxicity of six commercial formulations of insecticides or biopesticides against third instar larvae of L . ingenua using laboratory bioassays. Insecticide treatments were incorporated into the growing medium for sciarid larvae and the concentration of the pesticide, which killed 90% of the test population (LD 90 ) determined the efficacy of selected insecticides. Triflumuron was the most effective insecticide against L. ingenua with an LD 90 of 53.12 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/m 2 followed by cyromazine (LD 90 , 179.68 mg a.i./m 2 ) and diazinon (LD 90 , 261.72 mg a.i./m 2 ). Abamectin and Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis were ineffective against L. ingenua . Steinernema feltiae , an entomopathogenic nematode, reduced the number of third instar larvae of L. ingenua only when applied at a higher rate (LD 90 , 732 422 nematodes/m 2 ) than was recommended on the label.