Efficient intensity modulation in a Ti-diffused LiNbO ₃ branched optical waveguide device

Abstract

By careful design of the Y-junctions and bends of a Ti-diffused LiNbO3 branched waveguide modulator, an efficient intensity modulator has been realised. The halfwave voltage is 2.0 V, the extinction ratio is –18 dB and the loss between the input and output channel waveguides is approximately 5 dB at 0.633 μm.