Water deficits during reproductive growth of soybeans. I. Their effects on dry matter accumulation, seed yield and its components

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of water deficits during the reproductive period of an indeterminate soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) crop on growth, seed yield and its components, and to establish whether the R 1 -R 4 or the R 4 -R 6.3 period was the most sensitive to drought. Group maturity III cultivar Asgrow 3127 was planted in the 1986—1987 and 1987-1988 growing seasons on a loamy soil (typic argiudol). The trial consisted of 3 deficiency treatments starting with 50% of soil-available water at the soil depth explored by the roots at the time of initiation, and with a control (II) constantly maintained at > 50% of soil available water. The treatment drought periods were: 0I) from R 1 to R 4 ; 10) from R 4 to R 6.3 ; and 00) from R 1 to R 4 and from R 4 to R 6.3 . Plots were individually irrigated and during the drought periods protected from rainfall with plastic covers. The control treatment (II) had greater dry matter production than 0I and 10, and these 2 treatments produced more dry matter than 00. Drought from R 1 to R 4 decreased leaf area production and drought from R 4 to R 6.3 accelerated leaf senescence. Leaf area index was related to percent solar radiation interception showing a critical LAI of = 5.5. Consequently, water deficits affected solar radia- tion interception. The reduction in PAR intercepted by the crop due to water deficits was no greater than 12%. The uti- lization efficiency of the intercepted PAR that ranged from 1.5-1.9 g per MJ was clearly affected by the drought. Drought during the first period affected the vegetative growth with little effect on seed yield. This effect was reflected on harvest index and on dry matter remobilization efficiency. On the other hand, the reduction in crop growth rate in- duced by drought during the R 4 -R 6.3 period was associated with important decreases in the number of reproductive structures per unit area as well as in total vegetative dry matter. The number of pods/ha was the yield component most affected by the treatments. For 0I, the number of seeds/pod and the weight of the seeds compensated the re- duction in number of pods, relative to the control. water deficit / Glycine mex (L) Merr / dry matter production / seed yield / yield component / harvest index / leaf water potential / leaf area index / interception of radiation Rsum — Dficit hydrique durant la phase reproductive du soja. I. Ses effets sur l'accumulation de la matire sche, le rendement en grain et ses composants. L'effet d'un dficit hydrique durant la phase reproductive du soja a t tudi pendant 2 ans dans une exprience en conditions contrles en plein champ. Les traite- ments ont consist en : II) un tmoin irrigu, et 3 priodes d'imposition de scheresse, savoir : 01) scheresse de R 1 R 4 ; 10) scheresse de R 4 R 6.3 ; et 00) scheresse de R 1 R 4 et de R 4 R 6.3 . Le tmoin irrigu produisit une moy- enne de 12 t de matire sche/ha et 5 t de grains/ha. Une scheresse impose de R 1 R 4 provoque une rduction de la surface foliaire et de la croissance vgtative, avec seulement un lger effet sur le rendement en grain. Au con- traire, une scheresse impose entre R 4 et R 6.3 diminue la production de matire sche vgtative et de graines. Le nombre de gousses/m 2 est la composante du rendement qui est la plus affecte par les traitements. En gnral, une augmentation du poids des graines compense dans le rendement la rduction du nombre de gousses.