Hot-Water Quarantine Treatment for Mangoes from the State of Chiapas, Mexico, Infested with Mediterranean Fruit Fly and Anastrepha serpentine (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract

Heated water was used in the development of a quarantine treatment to kill tephritid larval infestations in mango, Mangifera indica L., from the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Infested mangoes were immersed for 20-80 min in water at 45.9-47. 1°C for laboratory tests. Probit analysis of the data estimated immersion times needed to reach Probit 9 as 67.5 min for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and 64.5 min for Anastrepha serpentine (Wiedemann). Confirmatory tests resulted in no survivors when 138,443 C. capitata larvae in 13,797 infested mangoes and 111,031 A. serpentine larvae in 12,089 infested mangoes were immersed in water at 45.9-47.1°C for 90 min. ‘Ataulfo’ mangoes immersed in water at 46.1°C for 90 min were not damaged; however, none were acceptable after 7 d at 23.9°c. Most mangoes (93.3%) were acceptable if immersed in water at 46. 1°C for 90 min and refrigerated at 11.1°C for 14 d, and 13.3% were acceptable after 7 d at 23-24°C. Only 10% were acceptable if immersed in water at 46.1°C for 90 min and refrigerated at 11.1°C for 21 d.