Low cost wastewater treatment

Abstract

One of the key roles of water quality scientists and engineers is to develop affordable wastewater treatment systems, as efficient as required by applicable legislation, error and nuisance free, environment-friendly, fault-tolerant and easy to operate. The concepts of affordability and appropriateness are considered. A number of “classic” errors in the implementation of supposedly low cost treatment systems are outlined. Finally the features of three successful types of treatment technology are described.