Communications of the ACM · 2000 · 85 citations · 6 references
ComputingComputer ScienceAssistive TechnologyInteraction DesignUser Experience DesignDirect Manipulation InterfacesEmbodied InteractionHuman-machine InteractionInterface DesignMultimodal InteractionTangible User InterfacesDirect ManipulationHuman-computer Embodiment
A major event in the history of human-computer interaction was the advent of the graphical user interface at Xerox PARC in the 1970s. The GUI was based on a bitmapped display, making the interface to the computer primarily a visual medium, along with a pointing device (typically a mouse), enabling the user to point to parts of the display. The GUI transformed HCI from communication in an arcane textual language to a visual and manipulative activity.
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Hiroshi Ishii, Brygg Ullmer · 1997 · 3.8K citations
Arts, Computer Science, Media Arts +17
George Fitzmaurice, Hiroshi Ishii, William Buxton · 1995 · 969 citations
Tilting operations for small screen interfaces
Jun Rekimoto · 1996 · 380 citations
Squeeze me, hold me, tilt me! An exploration of manipulative user interfaces
Beverly L. Harrison, Kenneth P. Fishkin, Anuj Gujar et al. · 1998 · 319 citations
Computing, Computer Science, Physics +10