A prospective study of 100 cases of penile cancer managed according to European Association of Urology guidelines

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the outcome of patients treated according to the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on the management of penile cancer, a system originally based on retrospective series. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2002 and 2005, 100 consecutive patients (median age 62 years) with penile cancer were treated at one institution; all were categorized and treated according to EAU guidelines. Data were analysed using the z-test, with significance defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Survival curves were limited to those with >12 months of follow-up (mean 29); the survival of the whole group was 92%. Of men with palpable nodes, 72% had lymph node involvement, whereas 18% of those with impalpable nodes who had lymphadenectomy according to the guidelines had lymph node disease. The grade of the primary tumour was more predictive than T stage for lymph node involvement and survival. The 3-year disease-specific survival for N0, N1 and N2 disease was 100%, 100% and 73%, respectively, and survival at 12 months for N3 disease was 67%. The median survival for those with metastases was 3 months. CONCLUSION: The overall survival of men with penile cancer is high, with a clear benefit for early lymphadenectomy in men with positive nodal disease. However, the current EAU guidelines are limited in predicting those patients with micrometastatic disease, with the result that 82% of patients undergo unnecessary prophylactic lymphadenectomy. There is a need to identify more accurate molecular markers for predicting lymph node disease, or the role of novel staging techniques must be assessed.