Movement Disorders · 1996 · 111 citations · 22 references
MedicineNeurologyNeurotologyOrofacial PainPain MedicinePain CharacterizationPain DisordersParkinson DiseaseParkinsonian DisordersClinical Diagnosis Of ParkinsonismDifferential Diagnosis Of ParkinsonismOral Pain SyndromesSexual Pain Disorders
Painful sensory complaints are known to occur in Parkinson's disease, but painful oral or genital syndromes have not been described. We report seven individuals with presumed idiopathic Parkinson's disease and one with atypical parkinsonism who experienced chronic severe oral or genital pains that appeared to be examples of a primary sensory disturbance related to the underlying parkinsonism. In each case, the pain syndrome overshadowed the other features of the parkinsonism. Five patients experienced oral pain and three patients, all women, had genital pain. No other definable organic cause was detected to explain the symptoms in any case. The genital pain tended to fluctuate in severity with the motor manifestations of the parkinsonism and could be abolished or reduced by levodopa. The recognition of painful oral or genital sensations in patients with parkinsonism should lead to further study regarding the prevalence, neurochemical basis, and treatment for these disabling symptoms.
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Margaret M. Hoehn, Melvin D. Yahr · Neurology · 1967 · 12K citations · Full text
The Pharmacology of Tardive Dyskinesias
Harold L. Klawans · American Journal of Psychiatry · 1973 · 512 citations
Medicine, Neurology, Pharmacology +17
Christopher G. Goetz, Caroline M. Tanner, Mark L Levy et al. · Movement Disorders · 1986 · 304 citations