Journal of Abnormal Psychology · 1998 · 329 citations · 20 references
Social SciencesPsychiatryPsychologyEmotional DisordersPersonality PsychologyPsychometricsAnxiety DisordersAnxiety SymptomsDepressive DisordersPsychological StressPsychological TestingStress-related DisordersAnxiety Symptom AssessmentDepression Severity ScalesLong-term StabilityLongitudinal Stability EvaluationMultidimensional Distress ScalesSelf-report Depression ScalesStress-related SymptomsVulnerability
At Time 1, 3,540 participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). At Time 2, 3 to 8 years later, the DASS was readministered to 882 of these participants. There was strong evidence for selective stability of the syndromes of depression, anxiety, and stress. Each Time 2 scale was best predicted by the same scale at Time 1, with no significant increase in prediction from the other 2 Time 1 scales. Stability of the 3 syndromes did not vary systematically over the intervals studied. The results support the longitudinal stability of depression, anxiety, and stress and, in particular, draw attention to the distinction between anxiety symptoms and tension-stress symptoms. The results were interpreted as supporting the existence of syndrome-specific vulnerabilities, over and above a primary general vulnerability to emotional distress.
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