Survival After a Severe Iron Poisoning Treated with Intermittent Infusions of Deferoxamine

Abstract

Iron poisoning is the most common cause of overdose mortality in children under six years of age and there are no reports of survival with iron levels > 2687 mumol/L (> 15,000 micrograms/dL). A 22-month-old male was brought to the emergency department by his parents after ingesting an estimated 50 ferrous sulfate tablets (60 mg elemental iron/tablet) several hours earlier. Despite spontaneous emesis and gastric lavage his condition deteriorated and he was found to have a serum iron of 2992 mumol/L (16,706 micrograms/dL). During the first four days in the intensive care unit, he developed coma, metabolic acidosis, hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock, liver failure, coagulopathy and adult respiratory distress syndrome. He was treated with a unique deferoxamine dosage schedule (25 mg/kg/h for 12 h/d x 3 d), mechanical ventilation, Swan-Ganz catheter monitoring, dopamine/nitroprusside therapy, blood product, bicarbonate, electrolyte and volume replacement. After a prolonged hospital course complicated primarily by gastric outlet obstruction he was dismissed on full oral feedings, gaining weight, and neurologically intact. Swan-Ganz catheter monitoring guided the management of this patient's shock, iron-induced cardiac failure, and deferoxamine mesylate induced adult respiratory distress syndrome. Further experience and research is required to determine the most appropriate deferoxamine mesylate dosing schedule and our experience expands the range for possible survival after massive iron overdose.