Detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Epiretinal Membranes of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Macular Pucker

Abstract

The presence of VEGF in all membranes investigated indicates that this cytokine plays an important role in angiogenesis in ischemic retinal disease and in membrane growth in proliferative disorders.